我已经采取了最终解决系统启动速度比正常情况慢的问题。我的第一步是查看引导日志,该日志显示了设备的启动作业超时,然后直接使引用为cr_usb-General_USB_Flash_Disk的设备的密码设置失败。我不确定两者是否已连接。
Starting Switch Root...
[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] (1 of 3) A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (19s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] (1 of 3) A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (20s / 1min 30$
^[[K[^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] (2 of 3) A start job is running for Cryptography Setup for cr_sda2 (14s / no limit)
^[[K[^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] (2 of 3) A start job is running for Cryptography Setup for cr_sda2 (15s / no limit)
^[[K[^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] (2 of 3) A start job is running for Cryptography Setup for cr_sda2 (15s / no limit)
^[[K[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Found device /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f9a66f0-dea7-4d5d-a200-bd1033718af8.
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Started Cryptography Setup for cr_sda2.
Starting File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f9a66f0-dea7-4d5d-a200-bd1033718af8...
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Started File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f9a66f0-dea7-4d5d-a200-bd1033718af8.
Mounting /home...
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Mounted /home.
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Reached target Local File Systems.
Starting Restore /run/initramfs on shutdown...
Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories...
Starting Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data...
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Started Tell Plymouth To Write Out Runtime Data.
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Started Restore /run/initramfs on shutdown.
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Started Create Volatile Files and Directories.
Starting Security Auditing Service...
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Started Security Auditing Service.
Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown...
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Started Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown.
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 22s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 23s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m*^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 23s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 24s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 24s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 25s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 25s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 26s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 26s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 27s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 27s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m* ^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 28s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m^[[0;31m*^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 28s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 29s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 29s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[ ^[[0;31m*^[[0;1;31m*^[[0m] A start job is running for dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device (1min 30s / 1min 30s)
^[[K[^[[0;1;31m TIME ^[[0m] Timed out waiting for device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device.
[^[[0;1;33mDEPEND^[[0m] Dependency failed for Cryptography Setup for cr_usb-General_USB_Flash_Disk_0349315060001623-0:0-part2.
[^[[0;1;33mDEPEND^[[0m] Dependency failed for Encrypted Volumes.
[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0m] Reached target System Initialization.
这特别奇怪,因为没有USB驱动器连接到我的系统。
我在systemd中找到了相应的设备服务(pastebin链接,请参见第67行),但是我无法确定该设备到底是什么或为什么要从那里开始。
原来不祥的USB设备在/ etc / crypttab中有一个条目
cr_sda2 UUID=7f99168c-4972-468b-900f-fb5bbfb90e66
cr_usb-General_USB_Flash_Disk_0349315060001623-0:0-part2 UUID=00a69115-956d-41b3-83
如何确定这是什么设备?
可以安全地将其从启动中删除吗?如果可以,怎么办?
在研究此问题时,我遇到了几篇描述类似症状但显然具有不同原因的文章。这些示例包括此博客条目和有关Superuser SE的问题,两者都将此问题跟踪到fstab中错误的交换分区/条目。但是,引导日志的摘录使我相信这些与我的特定问题无关。
常规信息
我正在运行带有HDD(sda),SSD(sdb)和sd卡(mmcblk0)的OpenSUSE Leap 15。
笨蛋
/dev/sda1: UUID="7b4cf082-a27d-458a-b92b-bc4eb3f81dc5" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="b9b6e898-306d-4834-bc40-b06a0b05c255"
/dev/sda2: UUID="7f99168c-4972-468b-900f-fb5bbfb90e66" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTUUID="eda06af5-b65d-4a41-88f3-76c884eda694"
/dev/sda3: UUID="35de195e-c983-4f53-9ef2-f3e9f42539e7" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="15489cc9-d2c6-4446-b7fc-0efdb26c3dfe"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="3DC1-430C" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="7093ce52-e282-45ef-a09a-b19eb54a268e"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="1f987306-6da7-4393-b1cb-eb9c541da80c" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="96e413c8-1b55-4383-87f1-5c2094c27b47"
/dev/mmcblk0p1: UUID="77FB-45CC" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="09b07cfe-1f9b-40e9-aa52-27892b6971ff"
/dev/mapper/cr_sda2: UUID="3f9a66f0-dea7-4d5d-a200-bd1033718af8" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mmcblk0: PTUUID="21d3220a-de4c-4f1c-9abc-e57d62434b4e" PTTYPE="gpt"
/ etc / fstab
UUID=7b4cf082-a27d-458a-b92b-bc4eb3f81dc5 / ext4 acl,user_xattr 0 1
UUID=35de195e-c983-4f53-9ef2-f3e9f42539e7 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=1f987306-6da7-4393-b1cb-eb9c541da80c /boot ext4 data=ordered,acl,user_xattr 0 2
UUID=3f9a66f0-dea7-4d5d-a200-bd1033718af8 /home ext4 data=ordered,acl,user_xattr 0 2
UUID=3DC1-430C /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 0
ls -l / dev / disk / by-uuid
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 29 08:59 1f987306-6da7-4393-b1cb-eb9c541da80c -> ../../sdb3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 29 08:59 35de195e-c983-4f53-9ef2-f3e9f42539e7 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 29 08:59 3DC1-430C -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 29 08:25 3f9a66f0-dea7-4d5d-a200-bd1033718af8 -> ../../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Nov 29 08:59 77FB-45CC -> ../../mmcblk0p1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 29 08:59 7b4cf082-a27d-458a-b92b-bc4eb3f81dc5 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 29 08:59 7f99168c-4972-468b-900f-fb5bbfb90e66 -> ../../sda2
您可以通过将其与块设备及其UUID列表进行比较来再次检查该设备是否不存在。您已经用来列出它们的命令很好。该设备逻辑由驱动udev
,其使用blkid
内部。
您可以创建的备份副本,crypttab
然后删除该行,或者#
在该行的开头添加一个以将其注释掉。
(我喜欢使用etckeeper,就像在/ etc:-中为单个配置文件具有“系统还原点”一样)。您必须知道如何使用版本控制系统)。
在研究此问题时,我遇到了几篇描述类似症状但显然具有不同原因的文章。这些示例包括此博客条目和有关Superuser SE的问题,两者都将此问题跟踪到错误的交换分区/ fstab中的条目。但是,引导日志的摘录使我相信这些与我的特定问题无关。
公平的。但是,这是一个非常紧密相关的问题。列出了引导过程所需的设备。因此,引导程序会等待找到它。超时后,设备将被视为发生故障。
(根据我的文档,引导过程也应该需要此设备,这意味着失败或超时将引导到emergency.target
shell中,而不是default.target
)。crypttab
即使支持相同的命名选项中fstab
修改此行为:noauto
,nofail
,和x-systemd.device-timeout=...
。
对于fstab
输入,systemd生成.mount
和.swap
单位。对于crypttab
条目,它仅生成模板.service
单元的实例[email protected]
。
该.device
单元出现在systemd中,因为它需要一些东西来表示它正在等待匹配的设备。这是预期的行为。
引导日志,其中显示了设备超时的启动作业,并且此后直接使引用为cr_usb-General_USB_Flash_Disk的设备的密码设置失败。我不确定两者是否已连接。
他们是。超时设备的UUID与crypttab列出的属于此USB闪存盘的UUID相同。编辑:啊,你的意思是启动缓慢。是的,一点没错。
[ TIME ] Timed out waiting for device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-00a69115\x2d956d\x2d41b3\x2d830c\x2d9a3878087d41.device.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Cryptography Setup for cr_usb-General_USB_Flash_Disk_0349315060001623-0:0-part2.
/ etc / crypttab
cr_sda2 UUID = 7f99168c-4972-468b-900f-fb5bbfb90e66
cr_usb-General_USB_Flash_Disk_0349315060001623-0:0-part2 UUID = 00a69115-956d-41b3-83
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我来说两句